|
Comprehensive
Strategy
Below
is Risk Factor data that has been collected on the following:
|
| RISK FACTORS |
DATA INDICATORS |
| Availability
of Drugs |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1.
Student's perception of availability of marijuana and other drugs -- grades
8, 10, and 12 |
| |
2. Sales
of alcoholic beverages |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
Student's
perception of availability of drugs: "Easy to Get" -- grade 4
Mahoning County Schools 1994 - 1995 and 1997 - 1998 and 2000 - 2001 |
| |
Student's
perception of availability of drugs: "Very Easy to Get" -- grade
6 Mahoning County Schools1994 - 1995
and 1997 - 1998 and 2000 - 2001 |
| |
| Availability
of Firearms |
Return
to top of page
or return to Risk Factor Data page |
|
1. Firearm
sales |
| |
2. Firearms
in homes |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
Youngstown
Homicides 1984 - 2003 |
| |
Overall
rate of homicides, 15-24 years of age |
| |
Rate
of Mahoning County homicides by race, 15-24 years of age |
| |
Number
of homicides by race |
| |
Number
and percent of handguns used in violent crimes, all ages |
| |
| Community
Laws and Norms Favorable to Drug Use, Firearms and Crime |
Return
to top of page or
return to Risk Factor Data page |
|
1.
Juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations |
| |
2. Juvenile arrests for violent crimes |
| |
3.
Juvenile arrests for curfew, vandalism, and disorderly conduct |
| |
4.
School discipline for behavior problems |
|
Other
data collected: |
|
Total
juvenile population under 18 years of age |
| |
Juvenile
homicide and assault offenses- decade comparisons |
| |
Juvenile
sex offenses - decade comparisons |
| |
Percent
change of juvenile drug offenses over ten years |
| |
Juvenile
drug offenses - decade comparisons |
| |
| Media
Portrayals of Violence |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. General
violent behavior portrayed on television |
| |
2. Serious
assaults portrayed on television |
| |
| Transitions and
Mobility |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Existing
home sales |
| |
2. New
home construction |
| |
3. Rental
residential property |
| |
4. Rental
unit turnover |
| |
5. Student
movement in and out of school |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Average
price of homes in Mahoning County |
| |
Average
price of homes in Youngstown |
| |
Single
family housing trends |
| |
| Low Neighborhood
Attachment and Community Disorganization |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1.
Percent of population voting |
| |
2.
Rental housing vacancy rate |
| |
3. Homeowner
unit vacancy rate |
| |
4.Homicides |
| |
5. Number
of churches and synagogues |
| |
| Extreme
Economic Deprivation |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Persons
living below the poverty level by race |
| |
2. Children
living below the poverty level by race |
| |
3.
Families living below the poverty level by race |
| |
4.
Unemployment |
| |
5. Free
and reduced lunch program |
| |
6. AFDC
and food stamps benefit as % of poverty level |
| |
7.
Female family householder with no spouse |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Poverty
rate comparisons of six Ohio counties |
| |
Poverty
comparisons of all families for Mahoning County and Youngstown |
| |
1990
Population poverty rate |
| |
Percent
of persons below poverty |
| |
Percent
of children below poverty |
| |
Estimated
% of people in poverty |
| |
Median
household money income, 1997 model-based estimate and 1999 Median Household
Income |
| |
Estimated
median household income 1995 |
| |
Per
Capita Income |
| |
Links:
Ohio Department of Jobs and Family
Services; and US Census Bureau |
| |
| Family History
of the Problem Behavior |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Adults
in drug or alcoholism treatment units |
| |
2. Educational
attainment less than 12 years of school by race |
| |
3. Parents
in prison |
| |
4. Adult
illiteracy |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
Treatment
Admissions |
| |
Chronic
liver disease & cirrhosis deaths |
| |
Lack
of educational attainment (less than 12 years of school) (Persons 25 years
of age and older) |
| |
| Family
Management Problems |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Reported
child abuse and neglect cases |
| |
2. Runaway
reports |
| |
3. Children
living in foster parent homes |
| |
| Family Conflict |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Divorce |
| |
2. Percent
of married persons with spouse absent |
| |
3. Domestic
violence reports |
| |
| Favorable
Parental Attitudes and Involvement in the Problem Behavior |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Adult
arrests |
| |
2. Babies
born affected by alcohol or other drugs |
| |
3. Drug
use during pregnancy (see below for breakdown) |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Chronic
liver disease & cirrhosis deaths |
| |
Tobacco
use during pregnancy |
| |
Tobacco
use during pregnancy by race |
| |
Alcohol
use during pregnancy |
| |
Alcohol
use during pregnancy by race |
| |
|
Early and
Persistent
Anti-social Behavior
|
Return
to top of page or return
to Risk Factor Data page |
|
1. Elementary
student discipline problems |
| |
2. Elementary
special education population diagnosed with behavioral disorders |
| |
3. Elementary
diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Rate
of SBH students in grades K-12 |
| |
In-School
Suspension Rates |
| |
In-School
Suspensions |
| |
Out-of-School
Suspension Rates |
| |
Out-of-School
Suspensions |
| |
Expulsion
Rates |
| |
Various
violence and ATOD (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug) indicators |
| |
| Academic Failure
Beginning in Late Elementary School |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Grade
repetition - Eighth graders, 1 grade |
| |
2. Grade
repetition - Eighth graders, 2 grades |
| |
3.
Reading proficiency by age (9, 13 and 17 years old) |
| |
4.
Math proficiency by age (9, 13 and 17 years old) |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Mahoning
County School District Report Cards 1998 - 2003 |
| |
4th
grade proficiency results 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County |
| |
6th
grade proficiency results 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County |
| |
9th
grade proficiency results 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County |
| |
10th
grade proficiency results 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County |
| |
| Lack
of Commitment to School |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1.
School enrollment 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County Schools |
| |
2. High
school completion rates by 19-20 years old by race |
| |
3.
Average daily attendance 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County Schools |
| |
4. Truancy |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
Percent
of dropouts prior to 9th grade |
| |
Student
Attendance Rate 1994 - 1997 for Mahoning County and Youngstown City Schools |
| |
Student
Attendance Rate: 2001 - 2002 Mahoning County Schools |
| |
Percent
of population over age 25 without high school diploma |
| |
Other source:
Nat'l School Reporting System |
| |
| Alienation
and Rebelliousness |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Suicide
rates by age |
| |
2. Reported
gang involvement |
| |
3. Vandalism
and graffiti damage reported |
|
Other
data collected: |
| |
School
Aged Teen Births Ages 12 - 17 |
| |
School
Aged Teen Births under 18 years of age |
| |
Juvenile
arrests for violent crimes |
|
Juvenile
arrests for curfew, vandalism, and disorderly conduct |
| |
Mahoning
County Trends for Drug Offenses |
| |
Delinquency
offenses |
| |
Status
offenses |
| |
Delinquency
and status offenses - decade comparisons |
| |
Unofficial
cases processed by juvenile court |
| |
Dropout
rates |
| |
Graduation
rates |
| |
Graduation
rates Mahoning County Schools 2001-2002 |
| |
Out-of-School
Suspension Rates |
| |
In-School
Suspension Rates |
| |
Expulsion
Rates |
| |
| Friends
Who Engage in Problem Behavior |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1. Reported
use by friends - marijuana by 8th, 10th, and 12th graders |
| |
2. Reported
use by friends - alcohol by 8th, 10th, and 12th graders |
| |
3. Adolescents
in treatment |
| |
4. Adolescent
pregnancies |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
School
Aged Teen Births Ages 12 - 17 |
| |
School
Aged Teen Births under 18 years of age |
| |
Reported
use by friends - "Several use" - cigarettes, beer, wine coolers,
liquor, marijuana, - grade 6 - Mahoning County Schools 1997 - 1998 and 2000
- 2001. |
| |
| Favorable
Attitudes Toward the Problem Behavior |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
|
1.
Perceived harmfulness of use - marijuana, 8th, 10th and 12th grades |
| |
2.
Perceived harmfulness of use - alcohol, 8th, 10th and 12th grades |
| |
3. Attitudes
regarding marijuana laws |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
Students'
perceived harmfulness of use:
"using is very harmful to your health" -- cigarettes, beer, wine
coolers, liquor, marijuana - grade 6 - Mahoning County Schools 1994 - 1995,
1997 - 1998, and 2000 - 2001 |
| |
| Early Initiation
of the Problem Behavior |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
| |
1.
Age of first use reported by 12th graders - alcohol |
| |
2.
Age of first use reported by 12th graders - cigarettes |
| |
3. Age
of initial sexual activity |
| |
4. Drop-outs
prior to ninth grade |
| |
5. Arrests
age 10 -14 alcohol or drug related |
| |
6. Arrests
age 10 -14 violence related |
| |
Other
data collected: |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 4, Mahoning County Schools 1994 - 1995 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 4, Mahoning County Schools
1997 - 1998 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 4, Mahoning County Schools
2000 - 2001 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 6, Mahoning County Schools
1994 - 1995 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 6, Mahoning County Schools
1997 - 1998 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 6, Mahoning County Schools
2000 - 2001 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 8, Mahoning County Schools
1994 - 1995 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 8, Mahoning County Schools
1997 - 1998 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 8, Mahoning County Schools
2000 - 2001 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 10, Mahoning County Schools
2000 - 2001 |
| |
Drug
usage -- grade 12, Mahoning County Schools
2000 - 2001 |
| |
| Constitutional
Factors |
Return
to top of page or return to Risk Factor
Data page |
| |
Exposure
to drugs in utero |
| |
Lack of
oxygen during birth |
| |
Lead poisoning |
| Return
to top of page |
Blow to
the head |